前五月機械工(gong)業(ye)指標保持恢復性增長
1-5月機械工(gong)業主要經(jing)濟指標繼(ji)續保持恢復性增(zeng)長，發(fa)展(zhan)態勢穩(wen)中向好(hao)，但也存(cun)在隱憂。根據(ju)最新的統計數字，2017年1-5月機械工(gong)業經(jing)濟運行總體(ti)平穩(wen)，增(zeng)速高位回(hui)落。
多個(ge)行業增速高位回落
機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業的(de)工業增(zeng)加值(zhi)同比增(zeng)長10.7%，比1-4月回落0.2個百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，高(gao)于上年同期機(ji)械(xie)工業增(zeng)速(su)（7.6%）3.1個百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)；繼續分(fen)(fen)別高(gao)于全(quan)國工業（6.7%）及(ji)制(zhi)造(zao)業（7.2%）4個和3.5個百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。
在主要大類行(xing)業(ye)中，汽車制造業(ye)繼續(xu)引領(ling)全行(xing)業(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，1-5月該行(xing)業(ye)工業(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)加值同比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)13.2%，高于機械全行(xing)業(ye)平均水平2.5個百分點。
電氣機械及(ji)器材制(zhi)造業(ye)總體平穩(wen)，略有提升。1-5月(yue)同比(bi)增長9%，比(bi)1-4月(yue)（8.4%）加快0.6個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點，比(bi)上年同期增速（8.7%）提高0.3個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點，低于行(xing)業(ye)平均水平1.7個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點。
; 通用設備制造(zao)業、專(zhuan)用設備、儀器儀表制造(zao)業上(shang)年(nian)(nian)同期基數較低，2017年(nian)(nian)1-5月回(hui)升明(ming)顯，同比分別增長10.8%、12%和12%，比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)同期增速（4.4%、4.5%、7.3%）分別加快6.4個(ge)(ge)、7.5個(ge)(ge)和4.7個(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)。
主要產品(pin)產量增(zeng)長趨勢穩(wen)中向(xiang)好
1-5月在機械工業(ye)重(zhong)點監測的119種(zhong)主要產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)中，同比增(zeng)長(chang)的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)91種(zhong)，占(zhan)比76.47%。其中43種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)由上(shang)年同比下降(jiang)轉為同比增(zeng)長(chang)，31種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)在上(shang)年同比增(zeng)長(chang)的基礎上(shang)增(zeng)速(su)(su)繼續(xu)加快，17種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)雖(sui)保(bao)持增(zeng)長(chang)，但增(zeng)速(su)(su)回落。
在同比下降的28種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)量(liang)中(zhong)，15種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)量(liang)仍未擺脫(tuo)上年(nian)負(fu)增(zeng)長的趨勢；13種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)量(liang)由上年(nian)同比增(zeng)長轉為同比下降。
機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)業主要產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)量增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)特點表(biao)現為，一(yi)是與(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)費市場關(guan)(guan)(guan)系密切的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)量保持增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。1-5月汽(qi)車產(chan)(chan)銷分別完成1135.8萬輛和(he)1118.2萬輛，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期分別增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5%和(he)3.7%。汽(qi)車用(yong)發動(dong)機(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)22.77%、汽(qi)車儀表(biao)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.82%；與(yu)物流倉儲消(xiao)(xiao)費相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)電動(dong)叉車累計(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18.21%，包(bao)裝專用(yong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)累計(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.52%；與(yu)旅游相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)照相機(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10.33%，其(qi)中數碼(ma)照相機(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)25.38%；與(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)費產(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)塑料加工(gong)專用(yong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)累計(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)19.33%，棉花加工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9.54%，農產(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6.87%，飼料生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)專用(yong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.01%。與(yu)民生(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)費相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)各類低壓電器同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18.17%，通信及電子網絡用(yong)電纜同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9.77%，光纜同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)8.71%，電動(dong)手提工(gong)具同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9.35%，摩托車整車同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)8.61%。
二是與環境保護相(xiang)關的產品(pin)銷售快速增(zeng)(zeng)長。5月環境監測專用儀器儀表同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長7.03%，環境污(wu)染防(fang)治設備(bei)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長7.46%，其中水(shui)質污(wu)染防(fang)治設備(bei)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長21.24%；固體廢棄(qi)物處理設備(bei)累計(ji)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長13.08%。
三是與國家產業升級相(xiang)關的產品增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)勢頭向(xiang)好(hao)。工業自動化儀(yi)(yi)表與控制系統同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)19.62%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)期加(jia)快29.66個百分點，試(shi)驗機(ji)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)76.66%，分析儀(yi)(yi)器及裝置(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)6.2%，光學儀(yi)(yi)器同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)6.17%。機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)產品中的金切機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)9.9%，機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)數控裝置(zhi)(zhi)從上(shang)年(nian)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下降轉為(wei)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)22.44%。
四是基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)拉(la)(la)動(dong)工(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)產品明(ming)顯增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。機場、鐵路、公(gong)路、礦山、農村水利基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)等，資(zi)金到(dao)位(wei)逐漸好轉(zhuan)，對工(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)設(she)(she)備的拉(la)(la)動(dong)明(ming)顯。1-5月工(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)行(xing)業挖掘(jue)機、鏟土(tu)運輸(shu)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)46.9%，其中挖掘(jue)機同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)71.39%，裝載(zai)機同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)24.4%，壓實(shi)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)17.65%，混凝土(tu)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)4.86%。
五是國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)拉(la)動相關(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)長。在國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)通道建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目和配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)改(gai)造(zao)以(yi)及新一(yi)輪農村電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)改(gai)造(zao)升級工(gong)程(cheng)拉(la)動下，輸變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)保(bao)持增(zeng)長，其中(zhong)，輸變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長3.74%，其中(zhong)大型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長19.04%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器增(zeng)長11.42%，高壓(ya)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)備(bei)（11萬(wan)伏以(yi)上）同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長16.62%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長8.67%，絕緣制品(pin)(pin)同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長12.76%。
機械工業(ye)固(gu)定資產投資同比(bi)回落
2017年(nian)1-5月(yue)(yue)，機(ji)械工(gong)業(ye)(ye)自年(nian)初累(lei)計完成(cheng)固定資產投(tou)資17655.56億元，同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長3.4%，較1-4月(yue)(yue)提高1.25個百分(fen)點，較去(qu)年(nian)同期(qi)回落2.91個百分(fen)點。與全國和制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)(bi)較，分(fen)別降低5.2個和1.7個百分(fen)點。從(cong)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)看，機(ji)械工(gong)業(ye)(ye)占(zhan)(zhan)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)比(bi)(bi)重27.51%，較去(qu)年(nian)同期(qi)及1-4月(yue)(yue)分(fen)別縮小(xiao)0.47個百分(fen)點和0.17個百分(fen)點。從(cong)當月(yue)(yue)看，5月(yue)(yue)份完成(cheng)固定資產投(tou)資4628.29億元，同比(bi)(bi)提高4.43%，高于累(lei)計增(zeng)速(su)1.03個百分(fen)點。
從機(ji)械工業146個小類匯總(zong)出的國(guo)民(min)經濟十個大(da)類情況看：投資額(e)超過千(qian)億元(yuan)的是(shi)：汽車制造業、通用(yong)設備制造業、專用(yong)設備制造業和電氣(qi)機(ji)械和器材制造業四個大(da)類，分別(bie)達到4553.91億元(yuan)、4477.59億元(yuan)、3349.18億元(yuan)和2904.39億元(yuan)，占(zhan)機(ji)械行業投資額(e)比重(zhong)分別(bie)為25.79%、25.36%、18.97%和16.45%。
從同比(bi)增(zeng)速看，十(shi)個大類七(qi)升三降。以儀器(qi)(qi)儀表制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)大類增(zeng)長(chang)最快，達到15.72%，其次是(shi)汽(qi)車制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、非金屬(shu)礦物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)品業(ye)(ye)和金屬(shu)制(zhi)(zhi)品業(ye)(ye)大類增(zeng)速均(jun)在(zai)5%以上。而投資額占比(bi)位居前列(lie)的通用設備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)、電氣機(ji)械(xie)和器(qi)(qi)材制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)同比(bi)則低速增(zeng)長(chang)（0.09%、2.02%），專用設備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)則略有(you)下降（-0.78%）。
從(cong)到位(wei)資(zi)金情況看，1-5月(yue)機械(xie)工業固定(ding)資(zi)產投(tou)資(zi)實際到位(wei)資(zi)金16725.09億元，同比下降(jiang)(jiang)6.56%，雖(sui)較(jiao)去(qu)年(nian)同期(qi)下降(jiang)(jiang)8.17個百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，但較(jiao)1-4月(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)幅收窄3.76個百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，低于(yu)投(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)速9.96個百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，盡(jin)管(guan)5月(yue)仍延續(xu)了實際到位(wei)資(zi)金增(zeng)速與(yu)投(tou)資(zi)增(zeng)速差距縮小態勢，但投(tou)資(zi)到位(wei)資(zi)金自去(qu)年(nian)6月(yue)以(yi)來的持續(xu)負增(zeng)長(chang)表明機械(xie)工業投(tou)資(zi)到位(wei)資(zi)金不足問題(ti)依然嚴峻。
主要困難(nan)及問題
機械工(gong)業的效(xiao)益(yi)狀況繼續改善(shan)，主(zhu)要經濟效(xiao)益(yi)指(zhi)標(biao)同(tong)比略(lve)有好轉，外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)進出口(kou)低(di)迷狀態雖有所改善(shan)，但外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)進出口(kou)的增速低(di)于全國(guo)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)增長水(shui)平。
總體(ti)觀察(cha)，機械工(gong)業(ye)市場需求(qiu)雖然有所恢復，但仍(reng)(reng)顯不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)。用(yong)戶行(xing)(xing)業(ye)需求(qiu)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)，傳統能源、原(yuan)材料行(xing)(xing)業(ye)仍(reng)(reng)處于去產(chan)能狀態，對裝(zhuang)備的(de)需求(qiu)顯著下降；去年(nian)下半年(nian)煤(mei)電行(xing)(xing)業(ye)也開始了去產(chan)能。與上(shang)述行(xing)(xing)業(ye)相關的(de)投(tou)資類產(chan)品石油天(tian)然氣裝(zhuang)備、冶煉設備、發電設備、重型礦山機械等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)訂貨明顯不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)，受此影(ying)響(xiang)，機床行(xing)(xing)業(ye)、重型機械行(xing)(xing)業(ye)、電工(gong)電器行(xing)(xing)業(ye)形勢仍(reng)(reng)不(bu)樂觀。市場需求(qiu)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)當前機械制造企業(ye)面臨的(de)最大(da)壓力。
同時，市場(chang)競爭激烈(lie)，產品(pin)價格提升艱難。
